1. Porous substance with high water and air holding capacity; Suitable habitat for some microbes and plant growth, good material for soil amendment, absorption of chemicals and humidity control
2. High alkalinity; Neutralization of acidic soil and improvement of chemical components of soil and selection of microorganisms
3. Non organic matter ; Exclusion of saprophytes and propagation of autotrophic and symbiotic microorganisms, free living nitrogen fixing bacteria, root nodule bacteria, Frankia and some mycorrhizal fungi
4. Low mineral content ; “Charcoal has no role as a fertilizer”
Composition of bark charcoal %
Carbon:77.58,
Volatile matter:12.92,
Ash: 9.50
Mineral content of ash %
SiO2:36.5
Al2O3:10.9
CaO:19.2
K2O:1.1
Na2O3:5.35
Fe2O3:7.5
MgO:10.3
P2O5:1.7
# Air supply by charcoal induces the activation of soil microbes and CO2 emission temporally. Small amounts of chemical fertilizers or organic matter should be mixed with charcoal in agricultural use.
soil application of charcoal to provide a microhabitat for AM fungi to colonize and survive.