Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi (AM fungi) are a group of soil-borne fungi, which are
biotropic and obligate symbionts. It can grow in symbiosis
with a wide range of plant roots and can not grow in axenic
culture. As yet it is only multiplied by growing it with suitable
host plants. Naturally it is widely distributed under various
agroecosystems. More than 175 species have been
identified. Root colonization by AM fungi are not spesific; it
has a broad spectrum. The most important role of
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is its ability to take up
phosphorus nutrient and other immobile nutrients from soils.
Other roles which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can play are
increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as
drought, salinity, and heavy metal, improving physical soil
characteristics, and increasing plant tolerance to biotic
stress such as various soil born diseases, and rehabilitating
degraded lands. Inoculating the crop can increase the
efficiency of anorganic fertilizer application.The inefficient
production technology of inoculant limits its utilization on a
large scale
