As close as possible without getting "sun burned". Different plants have different light requirements and tolerances. For example, I have an HTG 4-bulb 2-ft fixture above my little ones. Of about 25 baccatums I have growing, 20 varieties did very well with the lights 4 inches above their tops, however, 5 variants were almost burned to death. I have found that a foot above my plants is the sweet spot for mine. Apparently, they are either very decent T5s or my plants are not so tolerant. You will have to experiment for your personal plants and your personal fixture. If you have anemic lights and are too far away, your plants will get leggy by reaching for the light source. Good luck with your experiment.