Question - I would like to know how to determine whether or not frost
will appear on the ground. I assume you need dew to get frost, and dew is
dependent on the dew point, which is easy to find information about (e.g.
http://paroscientific.com/dewpoint.htm). Basically then, my question is
how can you estimate ground temperature given air temperature or possibly
air temperature history? Does heat transfer between the ground and air
play a significant role?
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Let me answer just a part of your question. Your assumption is incorrect.
Frost is not made by freezing dew. It is formed by sublimation - water vapor
moving directly to a solid... ice. Frost is formed when the dew point is near
or below freezing and the temperature of the air falls to within a few degrees
of the DP.
Your thought about ground temperature is interesting. Generally the air is
warmed or cooled by the surface. The air is largely transparent to radiant
energy so heat released by the surface at night is radiated off into space.
But as the surface cools, the heat from the lowest layer of air is
conducted to
the ground. Cooling the air from below tends to make the air more stable and
keep the cooler air low.
Hope that helps.
Larry Krengel