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Since
chromosome segregation is driven by microtubules, colchicine is also used for inducing
polyploidy in plant cells during
cellular division by inhibiting
chromosome segregation during
meiosis; half the resulting
gametes, therefore, contain no chromosomes, while the other half contain double the usual number of chromosomes (i.e.,
diploid instead of
haploid, as gametes usually are), and lead to embryos with double the usual number of chromosomes (i.e.,
tetraploid instead of diploid). While this would be fatal in most higher animal cells, in plant cells it is not only usually well tolerated but in fact frequently results in plants that are larger, hardier, faster-growing, and in general more desirable than the normally diploid parents; for this reason, this type of genetic manipulation is frequently used in breeding plants commercially.