It depends upon the varieties I am growing any given year, plus the grow conditions for the summer. You likely have more high temperature days than we get where I am currently at, so your production cycle will be a bit different. Here we typically have cold and snow for a longer period than we have warm to hot weather. Where I used to live was the opposite - more like what solid7 experiences. In times of extreme heat, as solid7 pointed out, chile plants tend to slow production. He is not in an area where it tends to get very cold at all, though - November into even May we usually have snow on the ground (yes, northern hemisphere) while his area hardly gets truly cold ever, let alone see snow. The bigger problem here tends to be the amount of rain we get some summers - enough that I grow in pots and haul the plants in and out of cover fairly regularly some years. So with that as background....
In general, annuums will start to have fruit starting to ripen in the middle of the summer, but different varieties can be earlier or later. Chinenses and pubescens, however, often don't really begin producing until the autumn. Baccatums seem to be all over, with some fruit ripening mid-season but others late-season. A site like www.chileplants.com has fruiting estimates by plant -
this page gives a list of how they define seasons for chiles. I brought my rocoto plant into the house a few weeks ago. It has its first ripe pod just now. Based on my past experience with rocotos, I will likely get ripe pods off of it for at least another month or so.
Whether you start from seed and how early, vs. if you buy plants makes a difference, too. Where I live it is quite possible to start seeds too early, as I only have so much room in the house for plants - if the plants outgrow small pots while there is still snow on the ground it gets too crowded. If I lived where solid7 lives, however, it would be difficult to define "too early", since he has a much longer growing season and can put plants outside almost any time.
Most years I try to grow a variety of chiles such that I get production across the entire season - early to extremely late. That way I have fresh chiles most of the year. Additionally, I find that it can be too time-demanding in the years when most of the plants peak at the same time. You know your personal circumstances better than any of us can, though, so it's good to put some thought into your variety selection up front.