When the flower has been pollinated, pollen tube growth (the part where the pollen grows a tube down the pistil to the ovary) takes around 24 to 48 hours. After a successful set, the ovary (immature pod) and the stem will start to enlarge and the petals may or may not start to wilt (if the growth is rapid enough, the pod will push the petals out before they can wilt).
Once it's fully set and growing, the pod should grow pretty quickly assuming the plant has the nutrients it needs like adequate light (> 6 hours direct sun) and water (don't let soil dry out for extended periods) and day and night temps that are not too low (above 50F). Once the pods reach full size, they may sit around dormant for quite a while (especially C. Chinense) which could be weeks. Some varieties will gradually take on a darker green color during this period and eventually they will start to show signs of ripening (faint color changes around the stem or side most facing sun). Once they start to ripen, depending on the variety they could be fully ripe (deepest color) in 1-4 days.
So for typical C. Chinense varieties, from bloomed flower to ripe fruit could be 3-4 weeks or longer.
Tip: Once the plant is fruiting, it helps to give extra feedings of Magnesium (Mg) Phosphate (P) and Potassium (K) but don't over-do the Phosphate or it will block uptake of Potassium and cause a Potassium Deficiency (-K) which to make matters worse, only rears it's ugly head when it's severe.
Magnesium source: Epsom Salt (Magnesium Sulfate) which can be had for cheap at a drug store
Phosphate source: Bone meal or Ammonium phosphate
Potassium source: Muriate of Potash (Potassium chloride)
Hope that helps