Just editing a post in the Piney Hab one and moving some of it here, it's kind of jumbled together and very A.D.D-ish but you get the idea... throw ideas out and see where it goes
I found a decent and pretty descriptive list online of popular Thai dishes and would agree with much of it... but real Thai goes well beyond that.
see:
http://tgcmagazine.com/articles/329.shtml
To me I think I really like the the Lime/lemon flavours coming from the lemongrass, kaffir lime (leaves and zest) some also include regular or key lime too this gives the tang without vinegar... bit a little vinegar may be needed too the rice variety perhaps
and the there is the essential Basil and cilantro somewhat as well, I'm not sure what other spices or herbs are used though...
Then there are the roots and peppers, going with the ginger (or galanga root), green onion, garlic and of course the birds eye chillies... but I get you could include some naga jolokia to bring the heat up without overpowering it and changing the taste... the people in India use it in a lot of their foods and Thai has many of the same flavour profiles... the Piri Piri or African birds eye may have a similar taste but is closer in heat to habaneros.
Now that I think of it a bit more..it might be kind of tricky now that I think of it to come up with just one sauce or something that screams THAILAND!!... perhaps a duo? 1 more loose and tangy and herb infused sauce for lighter dishes and one more thick, nutty/coconutty and curryish... but the big question is how to get that into a sauce while keeping good heat and good flavor too?
Does anyone know if the Thai Bird's eye chili tastes about the same as the African Birds eye or Piri Piri? the Piri Piri is supposed to be about the same heat level as a habanero... and since Indian food is similar to a lot of thai dishes and uses nagas a lot some could be added to bring the heat without drastically changing the flavours too much in is own sauce...
I often use sauces like Melindas and such in other foods too, just for the heat to an otherwise good dish, but those sauces often have all sorts of other things so those ingredients would probably be what is changing the flavour of the food more so than the variety of pepper used... I try to pick sauces with complementary tastes to add but it sometimes changes the food too much
I find here in North America at Asian restaurants, they never believe westerners can take the heat... I've had some insanely hot dishes at Vietnamese and Thai people's places who had no concept of too hot... they ate hot habaneros like they were cherry tomatoes... so I know very hot Thai peppers are out there or at least hot varieties that work well with the Thai flavor profile.
I don't know what variety of pepper they used in their food but they were very HOT and the food tasted awesome... I couldn't eat much of it at the time as my tolerance was not as high as it is now... but I would be happy with something in the Piney Hab Extreme heat level or there about.... at least for a little while.
This is a spinoff from a convo started on another thread.